West Sweden's long-distance trail through the forests, lakes and wilderness of Bohuslän, from Älvsåker south of Göteborg to Strömstad on the coast, in its 27 stages: Göteborg's lake country, the Svartedalen reserve, the open huts and shelters of Kynnefjäll, and the last hills down to the sea.
Best season: All year. West Sweden Trails publishes no season: each time of year has its own character, it says, so plan for the weather and the hours of daylight. Some services are seasonal: the kiosk and toilet at Kåsjön open in summer only, and Friluftsfrämjandet lets the Modalen hut less in summer, when walkers use the shelter most. Before you go
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Checking the seasons, closures and current conditions for today…
West Sweden Trails' 27 stages, 6 to 26 km each. Many stage ends are a car park or a lake with nowhere to sleep, so the nights here are at the open shelters, the huts and the beds nearest the trail, wherever they fall. Stage 21 has an unmarked stretch walked by map and compass; the day across it takes the official times, 8 to 9 hours. The last day, from Björnerödspiggen to Strömstad, is about 27 km. Choose a plan, or pick your own start, finish and nights below.
Hut seasons as published. 2026: 1 of 3 huts have published dates, open 1 January to 31 December; 2027: 1 of 3 huts have published dates, open 1 January to 31 December.
Changing where you stay suggests a new number of days: the fewest that keep each day under 8 h of walking and in daylight, where a place to stay allows.
Days end where the route has a stay, a camp or a village.
Stage 1, of which this day walks part: From Älvsåker, where Bohusleden meets Hallandsleden, to Stensjön by Gunnebo in Mölndal: 26 km and 7 to 8 hours, West Sweden Trails says, the longest stage. There is no stay at Stensjön: Hotell Eken is about halfway, and West Sweden Trails lists two open shelters later on the stage, at Hårssjön–Rambo mosse and Stora Tjärnet.
Overnight
Hotel · Hotell Eken
Pick a date to check the season.
Not a stage end: a hotel about 0.2 km off the trail.
Stage 1 continues from Day 1, where its notes are.
Stage 2: Through the forests on Göteborg's edge to the outdoor centre at Skatås: 9 km, 3 hours.
Overnight
Hotel
Pick a date to check the season.
Overnight
Hostel or bunkhouse · Liseberg
Pick a date to check the season.
Göteborg's outdoor centre at Skatås, with trams and buses at Welandersgatan. Torpet Mon's B&B and Lisebergsbyn are a few hundred metres from the stage end.
Stage 3: To the bathing lake at Kåsjön in Partille: 10 km, 3 to 4 hours. The Prästtjärn shelter is about 1.5 km before the end.
Stage 4: To Jonsered and its station: 8 km, 3 hours. A small shelter at Maderna, early on the stage, suits a rest or a night.
Overnight
Hotel
Pick a date to check the season.
A village with a train station beside the trail; Gibsons Hotell is by the stage end, and Le Mat's hotel is in Jonsered too.
Or a room in the village. Find your own accommodation; TrailSplits has not checked what is open.
Day 4
Stage 5, Stage 6 (part) · West Sweden Trails grade: hard, medium
Stage 5: Through Bokedalen to the church at Angered: 12 km, 5 hours, graded hard. Torpet Freden, about 3 km in, has two shelters for 10 people and tent pitches; its cottage can be rented through Friluftsfrämjandet Partille. Between Lilla and Stora Ramsjön the older of the two bridges has collapsed: cross only by the new one, on the right seen from the south.
Stage 6 begins here; its notes are with Day 5, which walks most of it.
Overnight
Camping spot
Pick a date to check the season.
Not a stage end: three open shelters.
Day 5
Stage 6 (part), Stage 7 (part) · West Sweden Trails grade: medium
Stage 6, of which this day walks part: Past the Gäddevatten shelters and the edge of Kungälv to Fontin: 17 km, 5 to 6 hours.
Stage 7, of which this day walks part: By Romesjön, where camping is allowed at the bathing place, to Grandalen: 16 km, 6 to 7 hours. The Kolebacka overnight hut is about 1.5 km in. West Sweden Trails reports logging at Romelanda until its notice is taken down: follow the signs on site.
Overnight
Camping spot
Pick a date to check the season.
Not a stage end: a bathing place where tents are allowed.
Day 6
Stage 7 (part), Stage 8 · West Sweden Trails grade: medium, hard
Stage 7 continues from Day 5, where its notes are.
Stage 8: Into the Svartedalen reserve to Bottenstugan: 8.5 km, 3 to 4 hours, graded hard. Two shelters on the way and two more at Bottenstugan, with a barbecue place and a dry toilet. A landowner is working in the forest and building a gravel road between Övre and Nedre Långevatten; watch for the signs.
Overnight
Camping spot · Västkuststiftelsen
Pick a date to check the season.
A rest place in the Svartedalen reserve with two open shelters, a barbecue place and a dry toilet. The Anvik bus stop is served very rarely.
Day 7
Stage 9, Stage 10 (part) · West Sweden Trails grade: hard, medium
Stage 9: Through Svartedalen to Lysevatten: 12 km, 4 to 5 hours, graded hard. The trail leaves the reserve near the end of the stage; the Stora Hästevatten shelter is about 2 km before Lysevatten.
Stage 10, of which this day walks part: To Hasteröd: 12 km, 4 to 5 hours. The Djupevatten shelter, about 8 km in, is a good place for the night. There is no public transport at Hasteröd.
Overnight
Camping spot
Pick a date to check the season.
Not a stage end: an open shelter.
Day 8
Stage 10 (part), Stage 11 (part) · West Sweden Trails grade: medium
Stage 10 continues from Day 7, where its notes are.
Stage 11 begins here; its notes are with Day 9, which walks most of it.
Overnight
Camping spot
Pick a date to check the season.
Not a stage end: an open shelter.
Day 9
Stage 11 (part), Stage 12 (part) · West Sweden Trails grade: medium
Stage 11, of which this day walks part: To Vassbovik: 22 km, 6 to 7 hours, with no public transport at either end. The Store Väktor shelter is about 7 km in. Parts can be wet; more boardwalks are being built.
Stage 12 begins here; its notes are with Day 10, which walks most of it.
Overnight
Camping spot
Pick a date to check the season.
Not a stage end: an open shelter.
Stage 12, of which this day walks part: To Glimmingen: 12 km, 5 hours. The Stenshult shelter is about 6 km in.
Stage 13: Above Uddevalla to Bjursjön: 12 km, 5 hours. A shelter by Stora Köperödssjön suits a rest or a night, and a marked spur leads down to Uddevalla's hotels, about 2 km off the trail.
Bjursjön Stay in or via Uddevalla
A lake above Uddevalla with a car park and no public transport. Uddevalla's hotels are about 2 km off the trail, down a marked spur from stage 13. Bjursjöstugan has showers and a sauna for a fee at set times; it is not a place to sleep.
Find your own accommodation; TrailSplits has not checked what is open.
Stage 14, of which this day walks part: Past Friluftsfrämjandet's huts to Metsjö: 13 km, 4 hours, graded hard. Hällerstugan can be booked for the night; Krokestugan is closed for overnight stays; the kåta at Västra Krokevattnet is an open rest hut that cannot be booked. No public transport at either end.
Overnight
Mountain refuge · Friluftsfrämjandet Uddevalla
Pick a date to check the season.
Not a stage end: Friluftsfrämjandet's hut, booked online.
Day 12
Stage 14 (part), Stage 15 (part) · West Sweden Trails grade: hard
Stage 14 continues from Day 11, where its notes are.
Stage 15, of which this day walks part: By Modalen and the Strömmarna reserve to Kaserna near Munkedal: 17 km, 6 to 7 hours, graded hard. A raft crosses the Munkedalsälven in Strömmarna; it stops working when the water is low, Västkuststiftelsen has warned. The Modalen hut must be booked through Friluftsfrämjandet; the shelter beside it is open.
Overnight
Camping spot
Pick a date to check the season.
Overnight
Mountain refuge · Friluftsfrämjandet Munkedal
Pick a date to check the season.
Not a stage end: an open shelter, and a hut let by Friluftsfrämjandet.
Day 13
Stage 15 (part), Stage 16 (part) · West Sweden Trails grade: hard, medium
Stage 15 continues from Day 12, where its notes are.
Stage 16, of which this day walks part: To Borgmästarbruket: 6 km, 2 to 3 hours. West Sweden Trails lists the bridge at Kaserna as closed for rebuilding from spring to September, with a temporary footbridge; its notice gives no year.
Overnight
Hotel
Pick a date to check the season.
Not a stage end: a farm stay about 0.4 km off the trail.
Day 14
Stage 16 (part), Stage 17, Stage 18 · West Sweden Trails grade: medium
Stage 16 continues from Day 13, where its notes are.
Stage 17: To Kyrkoryr: 11 km, 3 to 4 hours. The Harska shelter, about halfway, looks over Harskabukten.
Stage 18: To the lodge KynnefjällsNatur: 10 km, 3 to 4 hours.
Overnight
Hotel
Pick a date to check the season.
The stage ends at KynnefjällsNatur, a lodge with rooms and cabins; the Bråmarkenvägen bus stop is below it. From here north the trail crosses Bohuslän's largest wilderness: few roads and long stretches without houses.
Day 15
Stage 19, Stage 20 (part) · West Sweden Trails grade: medium
Stage 19: Into Kynnefjäll to the open hut on Vaktarekullen: 16 km, 5 to 6 hours. From here north the trail crosses Bohuslän's largest wilderness, with few roads and long stretches without houses: plan your nights in the shelters and huts and carry food for several days. Buses are very sparse, above all at weekends and in school holidays.
Stage 20 begins here; its notes are with Day 16, which walks most of it.
Overnight
Camping spot
Pick a date to check the season.
Not a stage end: an open shelter on a short spur.
Stage 20, of which this day walks part: Through Kynnefjäll to Flötemarksön: 12 km, 5 hours. Neither end can be reached by public transport.
Overnight
Camping spot
Pick a date to check the season.
The stage end touches a public road, with a few parking places about 200 m north; no public transport. Flötemarkens Vildmarkscamp is just north. From here it is about 22 km on the ground to the next night, the Nornäs shelter.
km 4.5–8.7: Unmapped stretch: map and compass. See the operator's description.
Stage 21: Flötemarksön to Porsås: 14 km and 5 to 6 hours by West Sweden Trails, graded red (hard), and recommended only for walkers on a long walk who have to pass this way. The stage is not waymarked throughout. It is marked from Flötemarksön to the bridge at Holmen, about 4 km, and again from road 164 to Porsås. Between the Holmen bridge and road 164 you find your own way with map and compass, on paths and small roads, under the right of public access: road 164 is a clear boundary to the north, and walking south you keep Stora Kornsjön on your left until you meet the road to the Holmen bridge. Carry a map and compass and know how to use them. Our map has no path for this part: its dashed straight line of 4.3 km is not a route, so our 8.7 km and our time for this stage are far too low. Plan by the official 5 to 6 hours. It is about 22 km on the ground from Flötemarkens Vildmarkscamp to the next night, the Nornäs shelter. Tanum municipality, which looks after the stage, is working to make the trail continuous again.
Stage 22: From Porsås to the Nornäs shelter on Mellan-Kornsjön: 7 km, 3 hours. The road to Nornäs is private: from the Norane bus stop on road 166 it is about 1.5 km on foot.
Overnight
Camping spot
Pick a date to check the season.
An open shelter on a point in Mellan-Kornsjön. The road to Nornäs is private: from the Norane bus stop on road 166 it is about 1.5 km on foot.
Stage 23: To Vassbotten: 13 km, 5 to 6 hours, graded hard. Bullarebygdens familjecamping is about 0.5 km south of the trail at the end.
Overnight
Camping spot
Pick a date to check the season.
Bullarebygdens familjecamping, with cabins, is about 0.5 km south of the trail. The nearest bus stop, Holkekärr, is about 6 km south.
Stage 24, of which this day walks part: To Håvedalen: 19 km, 7 to 8 hours, graded hard. The Allemarken shelter, with a barbecue place, is about 1 km before the end.
Overnight
Camping spot
Pick a date to check the season.
Not a stage end: an open shelter.
Day 20
Stage 24 (part), Stage 25, Stage 26 (part) · West Sweden Trails grade: hard
Stage 24 continues from Day 19, where its notes are.
Stage 25: To Krokstrand: 11 km, 3 to 4 hours, graded hard. A spur about halfway leads to the Sandvatten shelter.
Stage 26 begins here; its notes are with Day 21, which walks most of it.
Overnight
Camping spot
Pick a date to check the season.
Not a stage end: an open shelter by a lookout tower.
Day 21
Stage 26 (part), Stage 27 · West Sweden Trails grade: hard, medium
Stage 26, of which this day walks part: Over Björnerödspiggen, with its shelter and lookout tower about 2 km in, to Högstad: 13 km, 5 to 6 hours, graded hard.
Stage 27: Down to Strömstad: 15 km, 5 hours. A spur about 5 km in leads to a hilltop shelter at Rogstad.
Longest day: day 21, 9 h 23.
Days end at a stage end with a refuge or a village, or in a village the route passes through. Walking times are the times published by bohusleden.westswedentrails.se where a stage has one, with the time measured on the mapped line beside it; a day that walks part of a stage gets a share of the stage's time by distance and climb.Outside Switzerland our walking times often run short of the times route operators publish; treat them as optimistic. Running times use 7.5 km/h plus one hour per 700 m of climb: a steady reference, not a prediction. Daylight is sunrise to sunset where the day starts; the time left is for breaks, meals and delays.Refuge dates come from the operator's own pages; when they are not published, we say so. For villages we count the places to stay OpenStreetMap lists; we have not checked which are open. A plan is not a booking: reserve every night before you commit to these day lengths.
Where each stage ends, the 2026 and 2027 seasons the operator publishes, and how to book. Read from the operators' pages on 13 October 2026; each stage page shows the sources and the grade profile.
| Stage | Night at | 2026 | 2027 | Booking |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Älvsåker to Stensjön | Stensjön · no hut at this point | |||
| 2. Stensjön to Skatås | Torpet Mon | 2026 dates not published | not published | Booking method not published |
| 3. Skatås to Kåsjön | Partille Vandrarhem | 2026 dates not published | not published | Booking method not published |
| 4. Kåsjön to Jonsered | Gibsons Hotell | 2026 dates not published | not published | Booking method not published |
| 5. Jonsered to Angereds kyrka | Angereds kyrka · no hut at this point | |||
| 6. Angereds kyrka to Fontin | Fontin · no hut at this point | |||
| 7. Fontin to Grandalen | Grandalen · no hut at this point | |||
| 8. Grandalen to Bottenstugan | Bottenstugan shelters | 2026 dates not published | not published | No booking |
| 9. Bottenstugan to Lysevatten | Lysevatten · no hut at this point | |||
| 10. Lysevatten to Hasteröd | Hasteröd · no hut at this point | |||
| 11. Hasteröd to Vassbovik | Vassbovik · no hut at this point | |||
| 12. Vassbovik to Glimmingen | Glimmingen · no hut at this point | |||
| 13. Glimmingen to Bjursjön | Uddevalla | Not checked | Not checked | |
| 14. Bjursjön to Metsjö | Metsjö · no hut at this point | |||
| 15. Metsjö to Kaserna | Kaserna · no hut at this point | |||
| 16. Kaserna to Borgmästarbruket | Borgmästarbruket · no hut at this point | |||
| 17. Borgmästarbruket to Kyrkoryr | Kyrkoryr · no hut at this point | |||
| 18. Kyrkoryr to Kynnefjälls natur | KynnefjällsNatur | 2026 dates not published | not published | Book online |
| 19. Kynnefjälls natur to Vaktarekullen | Vaktarekullen hut | 1 January 2026 to 31 December 2026 | 1 January 2027 to 31 December 2027 | No booking |
| 20. Vaktarekullen to Flötemarksön | Flötemarkens Vildmarkscamp | 2026 dates not published | not published | Booking request |
| 21. Flötemarksön to Porsås | Porsås · no hut at this point | |||
| 22. Porsås to Nornäs | Nornäs shelter | 2026 dates not published | not published | No booking |
| 23. Nornäs to Vassbotten | Bullarebygdens Familjecamping | 2026 dates not published | not published | Book online |
| 24. Vassbotten to Håvedalen | Håvedalen · no hut at this point | |||
| 25. Håvedalen to Krokstrand | Krokstrand · no hut at this point | |||
| 26. Krokstrand to Högstad | Högstad · no hut at this point | |||
| 27. Högstad to Strömstad | Hotell Krabban | 2026 dates not published | not published | Booking method not published |
Loading the forecast for low point (sea level) and high point (225 m)…
Typical weather on this trail: at the lowest point (sea level) and the highest point (225 m). Select a month to see why it is rated as it is.
| Month | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weather | Poor | Poor | Mixed | Good | Good | Good | Good | Good | Good | Good | Mixed | Poor |
| Stages rated good on typical weather | 0/27 | 0/27 | 0/27 | 21/27 | 27/27 | 27/27 | 27/27 | 27/27 | 27/27 | 27/27 | 0/27 | 0/27 |
| High point, day / night | 1°/-3° | 1°/-4° | 4°/-2° | 9°/1° | 14°/6° | 18°/10° | 20°/12° | 19°/12° | 15°/9° | 9°/5° | 5°/1° | 2°/-2° |
| Low point, day / night | 2°/-2° | 2°/-3° | 6°/-1° | 10°/2° | 16°/7° | 19°/11° | 21°/13° | 20°/13° | 16°/10° | 11°/6° | 7°/2° | 3°/-1° |
| Rain, mm | 70 | 56 | 45 | 46 | 53 | 77 | 76 | 88 | 82 | 103 | 92 | 84 |
| Snow at high point | Possible | Possible | Possible | Frost | – | – | – | – | – | – | Frost | Possible |
| Daylight | 6 h 55 | 9 h 14 | 11 h 40 | 14 h 23 | 16 h 51 | 18 h 27 | 17 h 50 | 15 h 36 | 12 h 58 | 10 h 22 | 7 h 49 | 6 h 15 |
Source: TerraClimate 1991–2020 monthly averages. Averages for the area at each point’s elevation (4 km grid, corrected for height). Not a forecast or a report of current trail conditions. Snow at the high point is estimated with a simple snowpack model from these temperatures and precipitation, not observed; steep islands and high summits can hold more snow than it shows. Daylight is for the 15th of each month. Hut, transport and park seasons are separate: check them for your dates.
Before you go
Arrange your stays, food and travel first, then check conditions again near departure.
The trail's shelters (vindskydd) are open to all, first come; they cannot be booked. The hut on Vaktarekullen is always open and cannot be booked either. Friluftsfrämjandet lets Hällerstugan (booked online) and the Modalen hut (members, associations and schools, one night, booked ahead); Krokestugan is closed for overnight stays. Flötemarkens Vildmarkscamp takes guests by phone, for a fee; hotels, hostels, the lodge at Kynnefjäll and the campsites are booked with each of them. The right of public access lets you pitch a tent or two for a night away from houses and farmland, but nature reserves have their own rules: in two areas of the Svartedalen reserve tents are not allowed at all, and fires only at the places the county board marks.
Stage 21, Flötemarksön to Porsås, is not waymarked between the bridge at Holmen and road 164. You find your own way there with map and compass, on paths and small roads: road 164 is the boundary to the north, and walking south Stora Kornsjön is on your left. West Sweden Trails recommends the stage only for walkers who must pass this way; it gives 14 km and 5 to 6 hours. From Flötemarkens Vildmarkscamp to the Nornäs shelter, the next night, is about 22 km.
West Sweden Trails: stage 21From Kynnefjäll north, the trail crosses Bohuslän's largest wilderness: few roads, long stretches without houses, and buses that are very sparse, above all at weekends and in school holidays. Plan your nights in the shelters and huts and carry food for several days.
West Sweden Trails: stage 19West Sweden Trails posts the trail's status in its map planner. On 13 October 2026 it listed a collapsed bridge between Lilla and Stora Ramsjön on stage 5 (use the new one), logging at Romelanda on stage 7, forestry work on stage 8, and the bridge at Kaserna closed for rebuilding with a temporary footbridge. Read the notices before you set off.
West Sweden Trails: BohusledenStages 8 and 9 cross the Svartedalen nature reserve. In its areas 1 and 2 tents are not allowed at all, and fires only at the places the county board marks; use the shelters, such as those at Bottenstugan. Other reserves on the way have their own rules.
Länsstyrelsen Västra Götaland: SvartedalenFriluftsfrämjandet runs the huts on stages 14 and 15. Krokestugan is closed for overnight stays while its repairs are reviewed; Hällerstugan can be booked online; the Modalen hut is for members, associations and schools, one night at a time. The shelters beside them stay open.
Friluftsfrämjandet Uddevalla: KrokestuganOn stage 15 a raft on ropes crosses the Munkedalsälven in the Strömmarna reserve. When the water is low it cannot be used, Västkuststiftelsen has warned.
Västkuststiftelsen: the raft and the water levelClosures and notices last checked 13 October 2026: Friluftsfrämjandet: Krokestugan · Friluftsfrämjandet: Modalenstugan · Friluftsfrämjandet Munkedal: Bohusleden · Länsstyrelsen: Svartedalen · Västkuststiftelsen: Bohusleden news · West Sweden Trails: Bohusleden trail status · West Sweden Trails: stage 21. Check them again before you set out.
Getting there
Choose a stage or journey above to narrow the travel searches.
Google Maps journey searches, not confirmed services. A mountain endpoint may need a booked transfer or an additional walk.
Commuter trains stop at Anneberg station, handy for the start; the Älvsåkersgården bus stop is close by, and there is a large gravel car park at the trailhead.
Västtrafik: journey plannerRound Göteborg most stage ends have a stop: Gunnebo park (Stensjön), Welandersgatan with trams (Skatås), Åstebo (Kåsjön), the station at Jonsered and buses at Angereds kyrka. Further north buses are rare or absent: Grandalen and Anvik see very few, Hasteröd, Vassbovik, Bjursjön, Metsjö, Vaktarekullen and Flötemarksön have none. Munkedal has buses and trains, and Loviseholm, about 2 km from Porsås, is served from Ed.
Västtrafik: journey plannerThe trail ends in Strömstad, which has both trains and buses at its station.
West Sweden Trails: stage 27Take your trip with you
Prepare each stage while you still have a connection: in the forests and on Kynnefjäll the signal can be weak, and stage 21 needs a map of your own.
Keep your route and maps on your phone for places without a signal. For multi-day trips, prepare them in the installed TrailSplits app.
Saving a bookmark is not a map download. Storage can be cleared by your device; keep a backup map for remote trips.
West Sweden Trails gives about 350 km in 27 stages; its stage times add up to about 120 to 138 hours of walking, in 27 sections on our map. The guide's day planner offers a 21-day plan on the overnight stops, and you can choose your own nights.
All year. West Sweden Trails publishes no season: each time of year has its own character, it says, so plan for the weather and the hours of daylight.
Commuter trains stop at Anneberg station, handy for the start; the Älvsåkersgården bus stop is close by, and there is a large gravel car park at the trailhead. The "Connect your journey" section has the travel details, with 2 more travel notes.
The trail's shelters (vindskydd) are open to all, first come; they cannot be booked.
Yes: the whole route and every section, free, for a GPS watch or a phone. The guide also saves your plan for offline use in the app.
Closures we know of are shown on the days and sections they affect, in the day planner and on the stage pages. We watch 7 official notice pages (Friluftsfrämjandet: Krokestugan; Friluftsfrämjandet: Modalenstugan; Friluftsfrämjandet Munkedal: Bohusleden; Länsstyrelsen: Svartedalen; Västkuststiftelsen: Bohusleden news; West Sweden Trails: Bohusleden trail status; West Sweden Trails: stage 21); the date we last read them is shown with the notices on this page. Check them again before you set off.
Route & sources
West Sweden Trails (Västkuststiftelsen) publishes Bohusleden as 27 stages, about 350 km from Älvsåker, where it meets Hallandsleden, to Strömstad, with an official stage time for each, shown beside ours on every stage. The line here is the route on OpenStreetMap (the 27 stage relations of relation 280016, from the planet of 11 October 2026, without their side trips): 350.1 km, cut where the stage relations meet. Every stage is within about 1 km of the official length but one. Stage 21 is not mapped between the bridge at Holmen and Porsås, because it is not waymarked there: the map shows that part as a dashed straight line, 4.3 km, which is not a path. On the ground stage 21 is 14 km and 5 to 6 hours, walked by map and compass; plan by those figures, not ours. Our climb is measured on terrain heights, so short steep rises are smoothed out.
Official guidance and mapped-source comparison checked 13 October 2026. Map data is a route reference, not confirmation of today's path, weather or accommodation availability.
West Sweden Trails: BohusledenMap data © OpenStreetMap contributors · Source relation